乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇建设影响研究*——以浙江省为例

［目的］文章旨在分析乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化建设的影响。［方法］运用综合指数法建立新型城镇化评价体系，分析2000—2016年浙江省新型城镇化程度，进而利用数理统计模型分析乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化的影响。［结果］浙江省新型城镇化发展主要包括2000—2005年新型城镇化初始阶段，城镇化发展水平受基础设施等条件限制呈波动上升趋势，以及2006—2016年，属于新型城镇化快速发展阶段，政府对于新型城镇化的高度重视使城镇化指数由0436上升至0869，年均增长率高达0093。乡村旅游生态化对新型城镇化的影响主要包括3个方面：（1）在人均家庭经营农家乐收入比方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的直接效应为正，间接效应为负； （2）在森林覆盖率方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的效应为正，直接效应系数为0098，间接效应指数为0074，影响相对较大； （3）果园面积方面，其对浙江省新型城镇化建设的影响不大，但直接效应和间接效应均为正。［结论］乡村旅游的生态化对新型城镇化具有一定影响，且正向影响远大于负向影响。     

中国现代生态农业发展趋势与任务

[目的]通过分析我国现代生态农业发展现状与趋势,提出当前现代生态农业发展的主要任务。[方法]采用探索性分析法,对我国现代生态农业发展趋势进行展望,并由此梳理当前现代生态农业发展的主要任务。[结果]现代生态农业发展趋势展望:(1)生态农产品的国内外份额逐步增加;(2)现代高新技术将更加广泛地渗透于生态农业之中;(3)在投入上向高效和谐方向发展;(4)现代生态农业产业化程度显著提升;(5)生态农业将带动和加快美丽乡村建设步伐。[结论]当前现代生态农业发展的主要任务:(1)强化中国现代生态农业理论与技术保障体系建设;(2)建立适合新农村建设的生态农业发展创新机制;(3)大力推进生态农业的产业化建设;(4)努力拓展现代生态农业的多种功能;(5)健全农产品质量监管体系;(6)加大宣传培训与推广力度。     

面向乡村振兴的农村土地整治转型与创新思考

研究目的:面向乡村振兴的战略需求,分析当前农村土地整治存在的主要问题,提出农村土地整治转型和创新的思考,为实现农村可持续发展提供国土资源保障。研究方法:文献归纳法、理论分析法和图示法。研究结果:(1)传统农村土地整治存在"三不"倾向,即理论研究不足、空间逻辑不强与规划论证不力,由此带来了"三化"问题,即整治模式固化、复合功能弱化和人地关系泛化;(2)农村土地整治正面临由土地分散整治向空间统筹治理转型、由问题导向向目标导向转型和由以地为本向以人为本转型;(3)新时期亟需推进农村土地整治创新,积极倡导城乡统筹型土地整治、探索多功能导向型生产空间整治、推广人居环境改善型公共空间治理及聚焦绿色发展型生态空间治理。研究结论:乡村振兴为农村土地整治转型与创新提供了驱动力,农村土地整治为实现乡村振兴提供了着力点。农村土地整治需兼具规划视角的城乡统筹性与设计视角的空间联动性,在重视土地生产功能提升的基础上,挖掘土地整治蕴含的社会功能与生态服务价值,实现乡村地域要素聚集、结构优化与功能提升。     

珠三角物流产业转型升级下高职报关与国际货运专业人才需求调查分析

首先分析了珠三角物流产业转型升级对高职报关与国际货运专业人才培养的新需求。然后通过企业实证调查,分析了珠三角物流产业转型升级下人才需求的总体状况、核心业务领域和主要工作岗位,以及职业核心能力、专业课程设置和专业技能证书等方面的要求,最后得出调查结果对高职报关与国际货运专业改革的启示与建议。     

促进渔业科技成果转化的几点思考

作为以应用为主的渔业科技，科技成果转化率的高低直接决定了其在创新型国家建设中的地位以及对产业的推动能力。论文指出了我国渔业科技成果转化中存在的四方面主要问题，结合水产科研和科技成果转化实际，分三个方面对促进我国渔业科技成果转化提出了建议，包括：发挥各方在促进科技成果转化中的作用，拓宽融资渠道，加大财税支持以及加强人才队伍建设等。     

Structural transformation and the oil price

What part of the high oil price can be explained by structural transformation in the developing world? Will continued structural transformation in these countries result in a permanently higher oil price? To address these issues I identify an inverted-U shaped relationship in the data between aggregate oil intensity and the extent of structural transformation: countries in the middle stages of transition spend the highest fraction of their income on oil. I construct and calibrate a multi-sector, multi-country, general equilibrium growth model that accounts for this fact by generating an endogenously falling aggregate elasticity of substitution between oil and non-oil inputs. The model is used to measure and isolate the impact of changing sectoral composition in the developing world on global oil demand and the oil price in the OECD. I find that structural transformation in non-OECD countries accounts for up to 53% of the oil price increase in the OECD between 1970 and 2010. However, the impact of structural transformation is temporary. Continued structural transformation induces falling oil intensity and an easing of the upward pressure on the oil price. Since a standard one-sector growth model misses this non-linearity, to understand the impact of growth on the oil price, it is necessary to take a more disaggregated view than is standard in macroeconomics.     

Land use policy in China: Introduction

This themed issue of Land Use Policy builds mainly on papers presented at an international conference on ‘Land Use Issues and Policy in China under Rapid Rural and Urban Transformation’, convened by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China, in October 2012. The conference set out to share and promote new scientific findings from a range of disciplines that advance research on land use policy in China. The contributions to this themed issue provide conceptual–theoretical and empirical takes on the topic, around four main areas of interest to both researchers and policymakers: nation-wide land use issues, the Sloping Land Conversion Program, land engineering and land use, and land use transitions. Various land use issues have been associated with rapid urban–rural transformations in China, giving rise to formulation of new policies directly affecting land use. However, these have contributed to new land use problems due to the nature of the policies and the difficulties in policy implementation constrained by the special ‘dual-track’ structure of urban–rural development in China. In view of this, this themed edition makes a compelling call for more systematic research into the making and implementation of China's land use policy. It also emphasizes the challenges for further research on land use policy in China.     

地质工作中现代测绘技术的应用

相较于传统的地质测绘手段而言,现代测绘技术在多方面都具有明显的优势,现代测绘技术的不断创新无疑是对地质工作更好地服务于与国家和人民的助推器。本文介绍了现代测绘技术的构成以及在地质工作中的应用。     

‘Social Mixing' or ‘Gentrification'? Contradictory Perspectives on Urban Change in the Berlin District of Neukölln

In the past two decades, the Berlin district of Neukölln has received considerable attention from politicians, planners, urban scholars and the media. This article discusses the role that the academic concepts of ‘social mixing' and ‘gentrification' play in the overlapping and partly contradictory narratives that have been employed to interpret transformations in one particular part of the district, Nord‐Neukölln. While the area is still characterized as a place of poverty and decline, it has more recently come to be known as a ‘hip place to be' among young (creative) urbanites, students and artists. Various urban players such as politicians, planners, urban sociologists, activists, interest groups and the media participate in the construction of these narratives and, in the process, adopt the concepts of social mixing and gentrification according to their respective rationales and preferences. Both concepts play a pivotal role in justifying contradictory claims and interventions. As a consequence, ‘social mixing' and ‘gentrification' are more than just analytical concepts for interpreting urban transformations; they have themselves become part of these transformations and have an impact on local developments. We conclude that urban scholarship must reflect more on its own role and positioning in the arena of urban transformation.     

增压泵站水泵机组运行效能提升分析

随着我国社会水平的提升,经济步伐的推进,我国的水利事业也在这个过程中得到了较大程度的发展。其中,泵站是我国基础水利建设中的一项重要措施,其中水泵机组运行效率的高低将直接对泵站的运行效果产生影响。在本文中,将就增压泵站水泵机组效能提高改造效率进行一定的研究与分析。